DISTILLATION

Batch distillation is a separation process used to separate components in a liquid mixture based on their boiling points. It is particularly useful when dealing with heat-sensitive or complex mixtures that may decompose or react at higher temperatures.

Continuous distillation is a process used to separate components in a liquid mixture based on their boiling points. It involves continuous heating of a liquid mixture in a column. It is used in the petrochemical industry for the separation of crude oil into various fractions, production of alcoholic beverages, chemical solvents.

Extractive distillation is a specialized form of distillation used to separate close-boiling or azeotropic mixtures that cannot be efficiently separated by conventional distillation. In this process, a solvent or an entrainer is added to the mixture, forming a new, non-azeotropic mixture with a different boiling point.

Vacuum distillation is a type of distillation process carried out under reduced pressure to lower the boiling points of components in a liquid mixture. It allows the separation of heat-sensitive or high-boiling-point components without subjecting them to high temperatures.

Stripping distillation is a separation process used to remove volatile components from a liquid mixture by passing steam or another inert gas which helps to carry the volatile components away from the liquid, resulting in a purified distillate. This method is particularly useful for separating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or undesired impurities from various chemical processes.